بازنگری یافته‌های باستان‌شناختی مرتبط با سفالگری در تپه پردیس ورامین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش‌آموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد باستان‌شناسی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

نخستین مطالعۀ بزرگ مقیاس پس از انقلاب در باستان‌شناسیِ مرکز فلات ایران با بررسی و شناسایی دشت تهران و سپس با سه فصل کاوش در تپه پردیس، یکی از مهم‌ترین محوطه‌های پیش از تاریخی آن، از حدود دو دهه پیش آغاز شده و تداوم یافت. علاوه بر کاوش‌های افقی و لایه‌نگاری، انواعی از مطالعات میان‌رشته‌ای مانند دیرین گرده‌شناسی، باستان استخوان‌شناسی، باستان‌گیاه‌شناسی، تاریخ‌گذاری مطلق، پتروگرافی و غیره نیز برای تقویت نتایج مطالعات باستان‌شناسی تپه پردیس در دستور کار قرار گرفت. تقریباً به‌طور همزمان با این مطالعات کاوش‌های دیگری در زاغۀ قزوین و همچنین تپه شمالی سیلک انجام شد و مجموعه داده‌های گسترده‌ای برای تجزیه و تحلیل و انتشار در اختیار کاوشگران قرار گرفت. با برخورداری از امکانات گسترده، به روز بودن شیوه‌های مطالعاتی و به ویژه طرح نظریه‌های تحولی جدید برای هزاره‌های دور باستان‌شناسی ایران، انتظار می‌رفت انتشار نتایج این مطالعات بازخوردهای گسترده‌ای در سطح جهانی داشته باشد. بااین‌حال همآن‌گونه که خواهیم دید بنا به دلایلی که از همه مهمتر ضعف در تحلیل و تفسیر یافته‌ها بود جامعۀ جهانی باستان‌شناسی توجهی به این تفاسیر نکرد و فرصت مناسبی برای بازآزمون فرضیه‌های منطقی‌تر بر یافته‌های این کاوش‌ها از دست رفت. از یافته‌های جالب توجه کاوش تپه پردیس مجموعه‌ای از ساختارهای معماری و همچنین یک دیسک سفالی است که همگی در زمینۀ تولید انبوه و تخصصی سفال در هزاره‌های ششم و پنجم پ‌م تفسیر شده‌اند. بر مبنای این تحلیل کارکردی، فرضیاتی مانند پیچیدگی اجتماعی، سازمانی و تخصص‌گرایی صنعتی برای دورۀ مس‌وسنگ قدیم ایران مطرح شد که به نظر می‌رسد نیاز به بازنگری دارد. در این مقاله سازه‌های تپه پردیس که به عنوان کوره معرفی شده‌اند و همچنین دیسک سفالی پردیس را به شکلی جزئی‌تر و در بافت تاریخی عصر مس‌وسنگ قدیم بررسی می‌کنیم تا ببینیم کارکردهای انتسابی به آنها تا چه میزان می‌تواند با واقعیت‌های دورۀ خود مطابقت داشته باشد. در نهایت بر اساس شواهد موجود تلاش می‌کنیم کارکردهای منطقی‌تری برای دیسک سفالی و سازه‌های حرارتی تپه پردیس پیشنهاد دهیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Archaeological Finds Related to the Pottery Production from Tepe Pardis Reconsidered

نویسنده [English]

  • Poorya Khadish
MA of Archaeology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The first large-scale archaeological study at the Central Plateau of Iran after The Revolution commenced with a reconnaissance survey at the Tehran Plain and excavations at Tepe Pardis, at beginning of the new century. Various types of interdisciplinary approaches were employed to reinforce the archaeological hypothesis augmented by the data gathered at the stratigraphic and horizontal excavations at Tepe Pardis. Almost contemporaneous with these studies, further investigations were carried out in the two major sites of Zagheh and Sialk which provided the excavators with valuable sets of data for a comprehensive study. These well-supported fieldwork studies combined with several up-to-date interdisciplinary techniques and suggestions of new evolutionary practices for a 7000-year-old society should be noticed by international specialists. But as it will discuss in this paper indeed no attention was paid to the hypotheses raised by the excavators mostly because of their non-rational interpretations attributed to the objects and architectural remains found at Tepe Pardis. Of the interesting objects found at the Tepe were sets of adobe structures and a terracotta disk which were all interpreted in the context of the specialized pottery production industry in the 6th to 5th millennia B.C. Based on these miss- interpretations several antedate phenomena imputed to the simple Chalcolithic communities inhabited there which seems they need to be reviewed. In the present account, we will take a closer look at the features introduced as kilns and the disk as a potter's wheel and examine a wide range of developments ascribed to these communities. Finally, upon the available evidence, we suggest new functions for the pre-mentioned items which may fit better with their application.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The Central Plateau of Iran
  • Sialk II period
  • Tepe Pardis
  • kiln
  • Potter's wheel

🔓 © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Tissaphernes Archaeological Research Group, Tehran, Iran. Open Access. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. The ethical policy of Ancient Iranian Studies is based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and complies with International Committee of Ancient Iranian Studies Editorial Board codes of conduct. Readers, authors, reviewers and editors should follow these ethical policies once working with Ancient Iranian Studies. The ethical policy of Ancient Iranian Studies is liable to determine which of the typical research papers or articles submitted to the journal should be published in the concerned issue. For information on this matter in publishing and ethical guidelines please visit www.publicationethics.org.

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